The Impact of the Pandemic and Energy-Food Shocks on European Consumers’ Spending

Working Paper
A new OECD dataset of monthly card spending for 12 countries traces how everyday spending shifted through the pandemic and the energy/food price shocks.
Published

July 1, 2026

New OECD Economics Department Working Paper, with Sebastian Barnes, Luis Monteiro, Sidharth Goel, and David Haugh: a new monthly card-spending dataset spanning 12 countries and 9 categories, used to trace how the pandemic and the energy/food price shocks reshaped everyday household spending across Europe.

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